12 Art and design
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12.1 Octave Mirbeau
📖 Art should not imitate nature, but should create a new reality.
“Art should not seek to reproduce nature, but rather to create something new and original.”
— Octave Mirbeau, The Garden of Torment
Mirbeau believed that art should not be a slave to reality, but should instead strive to create its own unique world.
“The goal of art is not to imitate nature, but to express the artist’s own unique perspective.”
— Octave Mirbeau, The Torture Garden
Mirbeau believed that art should be a reflection of the artist’s inner world, and that it should not be constrained by the limits of reality.
“Art should be a force for change, and should challenge the status quo.”
— Octave Mirbeau, The Diary of a Chambermaid
Mirbeau believed that art should not be a passive observer of society, but should instead be an active force for change.
12.2 Wassily Kandinsky
📖 Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul.
“Color can evoke emotions and sensations beyond its physical properties.”
— Wassily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art
Kandinsky believed that color has an inherent emotional and spiritual quality that can be used to create powerful artistic expressions.
“The artist has a responsibility to use color and form to communicate with the viewer.”
— Wassily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art
Kandinsky saw the artist as a conduit for spiritual truth, with the ability to use color and form to create a bridge between the inner and outer worlds.
“Art should transcend the purely visual and engage the viewer on a deeper level.”
— Wassily Kandinsky, Concerning the Spiritual in Art
Kandinsky sought to create art that would resonate with the viewer on a spiritual and psychological level, rather than simply appealing to the senses.
12.3 Piet Mondrian
📖 Art is not about representing the visible world, but about creating a new reality.
“Art should be universal and not tied to any specific culture or time period.”
— Piet Mondrian, De Stijl
Mondrian believed that art should be a universal language that could be understood by everyone, regardless of their background or culture. He stripped his paintings down to their essential elements (lines, squares, and rectangles) in order to create a more universal and timeless art form.
“The process of creating art is as important as the finished product.”
— Piet Mondrian, Plastic Art and Pure Plastic Art
Mondrian believed that the process of creating art was just as important as the finished product. He often spent months or even years working on a single painting, carefully refining each element until he was satisfied with the result. He believed that this process of refinement was essential for creating a truly great work of art.
“Art can be a powerful tool for spiritual enlightenment.”
— Piet Mondrian, Natural Reality and Abstract Reality
Mondrian believed that art could be a powerful tool for spiritual enlightenment. He saw his paintings as a way to connect with the divine and to experience a higher reality. He believed that by contemplating his paintings, viewers could transcend the limitations of the physical world and experience a sense of peace and harmony.
12.4 Jackson Pollock
📖 Painting is not about making beautiful things, but about expressing oneself.
“Art is not about creating something pretty, but about expressing oneself.”
— Jackson Pollock, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/pollock-number-1a-1948-t00672
Pollock believed that art should be a reflection of the artist’s inner world, and that it should not be constrained by traditional notions of beauty.
“The process of creating art is more important than the finished product.”
— Jackson Pollock, https://www.jackson-pollock.org/quotes.html
For Pollock, the act of painting was a way to explore his emotions and subconscious mind, and he was not concerned with creating a polished or finished work of art.
“Art should be accessible to everyone.”
— Jackson Pollock, https://www.theartstory.org/artist/pollock-jackson/
Pollock believed that art should not be elitist, and that it should be available to people from all walks of life. He often gave away his paintings to friends and family, and he even painted on discarded canvases.
12.5 Andy Warhol
📖 Art is about making things that are both beautiful and meaningless.
“Art is what you can get away with.”
— Andy Warhol, The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again
Warhol believed that art should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their background or education. He often used everyday objects and images in his work, and he was not afraid to experiment with new and unconventional techniques. His work has been criticized for being too commercial and superficial, but it has also been praised for its originality and its ability to capture the spirit of the times.
“Don’t think about making art, just get it done. Let everyone else decide if it’s good or not.”
— Andy Warhol, The Pop Art Movement
Warhol was a prolific artist, and he often produced work in large quantities. He believed that art should be about quantity, not quality. He wanted to create art that was accessible to everyone, and he didn’t want to spend time worrying about whether or not it was good. His work has been criticized for being too repetitive and mechanical, but it has also been praised for its originality and its ability to capture the spirit of the times.
“Business art is the step that comes after Art. I started as a commercial artist, and I want to finish as a business artist.”
— Andy Warhol, The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again
Warhol was a shrewd businessman, and he understood the importance of marketing and branding. He often collaborated with other artists and businesses, and he was always looking for new ways to promote his work. His work has been criticized for being too commercial and superficial, but it has also been praised for its originality and its ability to capture the spirit of the times.
12.6 Joseph Beuys
📖 Art is not a luxury, but a necessity.
“Art is not simply a commodity to be bought and sold, but rather a vital part of human life that has the power to shape our understanding of the world and our place in it.”
— Joseph Beuys, The Art of Being Human
Beuys believed that art is not simply a luxury for the wealthy, but rather a necessity for all people. He saw art as a way of exploring our creativity, expressing our emotions, and connecting with others. He believed that art can help us to understand the world around us and to find our place in it.
“The role of the artist is not simply to create beautiful objects, but to challenge the status quo and to inspire social change.”
— Joseph Beuys, The Responsibility of the Artist
Beuys believed that artists have a responsibility to use their art to make the world a better place. He saw art as a powerful tool for social change, and he believed that artists should use their platform to speak out against injustice and to promote peace and understanding.
“Everyone is an artist, and everyone has the potential to create art.”
— Joseph Beuys, The Expanded Concept of Art
Beuys believed that art is not limited to traditional forms such as painting and sculpture. He believed that everyone has the potential to be an artist, and he encouraged people to express themselves creatively in whatever way they could. He saw art as a way of connecting with our own creativity and of exploring the world around us.
12.7 Marina Abramović
📖 Art is about creating a space for dialogue and connection.
“Art can create a transformative experience that transcends language and culture, fostering empathy and understanding between people from different backgrounds.”
— Marina Abramović, The Artist Is Present (2010)
Through her performances, Abramović challenges traditional notions of art as an object to be observed and invites audiences to engage in a direct and often deeply personal experience with her work. This fosters a sense of connection that transcends linguistic and cultural barriers.
“Art has the power to evoke profound emotions and create a space for healing and catharsis.”
— Marina Abramović, The Artist Is Present (2010)
Abramović’s performances often explore the themes of trauma, loss, and vulnerability, creating a space where audiences can confront their own emotions and experiences. By sharing these experiences, art can help individuals heal and find a sense of catharsis.
“The role of the artist is to challenge boundaries, provoke thought, and inspire change.”
— Marina Abramović, Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present (2012)
Abramović believes that artists have a responsibility to push the limits of society’s expectations and to use their work to create awareness about important issues. Her performances often explore taboo subjects and confront societal norms, challenging audiences to think critically about the world around them.
12.8 Ai Weiwei
📖 Art is about challenging the status quo.
“Art should never be used to serve the interests of the powerful, but should instead be used to challenge them.”
— Ai Weiwei, Interview with the New York Times, 2013
Ai Weiwei’s work is often critical of the Chinese government, and he has been accused of sedition. However, he believes that art should never be used to serve the interests of the powerful, but should instead be used to challenge them. He believes that art is a powerful tool that can be used to raise awareness of important issues and to bring about change.
“The purpose of art is not to please, but to provoke thought and challenge the status quo.”
— Ai Weiwei, Speech at the opening of his exhibition “@Large: Ai Weiwei on Alcatraz”
Ai Weiwei’s art is often controversial and challenging, and he is not afraid to push boundaries. He believes that the purpose of art is not to please, but to provoke thought and challenge the status quo. He wants his art to make people think and to question the world around them.
“The role of the artist is to reflect the world around them and to bear witness to the truth.”
— Ai Weiwei, TED Talk, “Ai Weiwei: The Power of Art”
Ai Weiwei believes that the role of the artist is to reflect the world around them and to bear witness to the truth. He believes that artists have a responsibility to speak out against injustice and to challenge the powerful. He uses his art to give a voice to the voiceless and to expose the hidden truths of the world.
12.9 Banksy
📖 Art is about making people think.
“Art should challenge and provoke.”
— Banksy, Various interviews and artworks
Banksy believes that art has the power to make people question their assumptions and to see the world in new ways. His work often features subversive and satirical imagery that challenges authority and social norms.
“Art is not about creating beautiful objects, but about communicating ideas.”
— Banksy, Various interviews and artworks
Banksy does not believe that art should be judged solely on its aesthetic merits. He believes that the most important thing is for art to have something to say. His work often conveys powerful messages about social and political issues.
“Art can be found anywhere, and it is not limited to museums and galleries.”
— Banksy, Various interviews and artworks
Banksy often creates his work in public spaces, such as on walls and buildings. He believes that art should be accessible to everyone, and that it should not be confined to elite institutions.
12.10 Yayoi Kusama
📖 Art is about healing the soul.
“Art can be a form of self-expression and healing.”
— Yayoi Kusama, The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.
Kusama has spoken about how her art has helped her to cope with mental illness and trauma. Her work is often filled with repetitive patterns and bright colors, which she says can be calming and meditative. She was quoted as saying ‘I create art to escape the pain of life.’
“Art can be used to create a sense of community.”
— Yayoi Kusama, The Museum of Modern Art, New York City
Kusama’s work is often interactive, and she encourages viewers to participate in her installations. She has created large-scale sculptures that people can climb on, and she has also hosted events where people can create their own art. She said her mission is to create art that will ‘bring people together and help them to feel connected to each other.’
“Art can be a force for good in the world.”
— Yayoi Kusama, The Broad, Los Angeles
Kusama has used her art to raise awareness of mental illness and other social issues. She has also created art that is intended to inspire hope and joy. She once said: ‘I want my art to be a source of strength for people. I want people to look at my work and feel like they can overcome anything.’